Une ontologie dispositionnelle du risque
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.20416/LSRSPS.V8I2.6Mots-clés :
Risque, Disposition, Causalité, Ontologie appliquée, PréférencesRésumé
Le risque est une entité omniprésente dans le domaine biomédical. Une caractérisation ontologique cohérente du risque est donc nécessaire pour faciliter l'échange et le rassemblement des données informatiques du domaine biomédical à des fins cliniques et des fins de recherche à l'aide d'outils nommés « ontologies appliquées ». Nous analysons certaines définitions du risque et en tirons deux traits généraux que le risque partage avec les dispositions. Nous proposons par conséquent une définition du risque comme une disposition dont la réalisation est indésirable pour un agent. Cette définition permet de concilier la dimension objective et la dimension subjective du risque : un risque existe indépendamment de notre connaissance de celui-ci, mais le statut de risque d'une disposition pour un agent dépend des préférences de cet agent.
Références
ARP, Robert, SMITH, Barry, SPEAR, Andrew. 2015. Building Ontologies With Basic Formal Ontology. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262527811.001.0001
BARTON, Adrien et al. 2017. What is a risk? A formal representation of risk of stroke for people with atrial fibrillation. In HORRIDGE, Matthew, LORD, Phillip, WARRENDER, Jennifer D. (éds.). Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Biomedical Ontology (ICBO 2017). Newcastle: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1-6.
BARTON, Adrien et al. 2018. The identity of dispositions. In BORGO, Stefano, HITZLER, Pascal, KUTZ, Oliver (éds.). Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. 306, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 113-126.
BARTON, Adrien, BURGUN, Anita, DUVAUFERRIER, Régis. 2012. Probability assignments to dispositions in ontologies. In DONNELLY, Maureen, GUIZZARDI, Giancarlo (éds.). Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS-2012), Amsterdam: IOS Press, 3-14.
BARTON, Adrien, GRENIER, Olivier, ÉTHIER, Jean-François. 2018. The identity and mereology of pathological dispositions. In JAISWAL, Pankaj, COOPER, Laurel, HAENDEL, Melissa A., MUNGALL, Christopher J. (éds.). Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Biological Ontology (ICBO 2018), Corvallis: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1-6.
BARTON, Adrien, JANSEN, Ludger, ÉTHIER, Jean-François. 2017. A taxonomy of disposition-parthood. In BORGO, Stefano, KUTZ, Oliver, LOEBE, Frank, NEUHAS, Fabian (éds.). Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2017 (JOWO 2017). Bolzano: CEUR Worshop Proceedings, 1-10.
BARTON, Adrien, ROSIER, Arnaud. 2016. Ontologies appliquées biomédicales et ontologie philosophique : un développement complémentaire. Lato Sensu, revue de la Société de philosophie des sciences, 3(1), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.20416/lsrsps.v3i1.273
BIRD, Alexander, TOBIN, Emma. 2018. Natural Kinds. In ZALTA, Edward N. (éd.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Édition du printemps 2018, URL = < https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/natural-kinds/ >.
BOHOLM, Asa, CORVELLEC, Hervé. 2010. A Relational Theory of Risk. Journal of Risk Research, 14(2), 175-190.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2010.515313
CHAKRAVARTTY, Anjan. 2017a. Saving the Scientific Phenomena: What Powers Can and Cannot Do. In JACOBS, Jonathan D. (éd.). Causal Powers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 24-37.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0003
CHAKRAVARTTY, Anjan. 2017b. Scientific Realism. In ZALTA, Edward N. (éd.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Édition de l’été 2017, URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/scientific-realism/ >.
CHOI, Sungho, FARA, Michael. 2018. Dispositions. In ZALTA, Edward N. (éd.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Édition de l’automne 2018, URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/dispositions/ >.
DOUGLAS, Mary, WILDAVSKY, Aaron. 1982. Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers. Californie: University of California Press.
https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520907393
ESFELD, Michael. 2011. Causal Realism. In DIEKS, Dennis et al. (éds.). Probabilities, Laws, and Structures. Dordrecht: Springer, 157-168.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3030-4_11
ÉTHIER, Jean-François et al. 2018. The TRANSFoRm project: Experience and lessons learned regarding functional and interoperability requirements to support primary care. Learning Health System, 2(2), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10037
FISCHHOFF, Baruch, KADVANY, John. 2011. Risk: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199576203.001.0001
FRIEDMAN, Charles P. et al. 2017. The Science of Learning Health Systems: Foundations for a New Journal. Learning Health Systems, 1(1), 1-3.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10020
GRANDI, Fabio et al. 2019. Towards Patient-Centric Healthcare: Multi-Version Ontology-Based Personalization of Clinical Guidelines. In LYTRAS, Miltiadis D. et al. (éds.). Semantic Web Science and Real-World Application. Hershey: IGI Global, 273-301.
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7186-5.ch011
GUZZINI, Stefano. 2017. Power and Cause. Journal of International Relations and Development, 20, 737-759.
HANSSON, Sven Ove. 2018. « Risk ». In ZALTA, Edward N. (éd.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Édition de l’automne 2018. URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/risk/>.
HARRIS, Steve, SEABORNE, Andy. 2013. SPARQL 1.1 Query Language: W3C Recommandation. URL = <https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/>.
HE, Yongqun et al. (2014). OAE : The Ontology of Adverse Events. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 5(29), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-5-29
HILGARTNER, Stephen. 1992. The Social Construction of Risk Objects: or, How to Pry Open Networks of Risk. In SHORT, James F., LEE, Clarke (éds.). Organizations, Uncertainties, and Risk. Boulder: Westview Press, 39-53.
JANSEN, Ludger. 2007. Tendencies and other Realizables in Medical Information Sciences. The Monist, 90(4), 534-554.
https://doi.org/10.5840/monist200790436
KERMISCH, Céline. 2012. Vers une définition multidimensionnelle du risque. [Vertigo] La revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement, 12(2), 2-15.
https://doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.12214
LEWIS, David. 1966. An Argument for the Identity Theory. Journal of Philosophy, 63, 17-25.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2024524
LUPTON, Deborah. 2013. Risk : Second Edition. New York: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203070161
MACKIE, John L. 1965. Causes and Conditions. American Philosophical Quaterly, 2(4), 245-264.
McKITRICK, Jennifer. 2010. Manifestation as Effects. In MARMODORO, Anna (éd.). The Metaphysics of Powers: Their Grounding and their Manifestation. New York: Routledge, 73-83.
MUNN, Katherine. 2008. Introduction: What is Ontology For? In MUNN, Katherine, SMITH, Barry (éds.). Applied Ontology: An Introduction. Heusentstamm: Ontos Verlage, 7-19.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110324860.7
OBITKO, Marek. 2007. Introduction to Ontologies and Semantic Web. URL = <https://www.obitko.com/tutorials/ontologies-semantic-web/>.
ORILIA, Francesco, PAOLETTI, Michele Paolini. 2020. Properties. In ZALTA, Edward N. (éd.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Édition de l’hiver 2020, URL = < https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2017/entries/properties/ >.
PEACOCKE, Christopher. 1978. Holistic Explanations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
POPPER, Karl R. 1959. The Propensity Interpretation of Probability. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 10(37), 25-42.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/x.37.25
POPPER, Karl R. 1990. A World of Propensities. Bristol: Thoemmes Antiquarian Books.
PRIOR, Elizabeth W., PARGETTER, Robert, JACKSON, Frank. 1982. Three Theses about Dispositions. American Philosophical Quaterly, 19(3), 251-257.
QUINE, Willard V. O. 1974. Roots of Reference. La Salle: Open Court.
RAYNER, Steve, CANTOR, Robin. 1987. How Fair is Safe Enough? The Cultural Approach to Social Technology Choice. Risk Analysis, 7(1), 3-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1987.tb00963.x
RIAÑO, David et al. 2012. An ontology-based personalization of healthcare knowledge to support clinical decisions for chronically ill patients. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 45(3), 429-446.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.12.008
ROSA, Eugene A. 2010. The logical status of risk – to burnish or to dull. Journal of Risk Research, 13(3), 239-253.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870903484351
SALES, Tiago Prince et al. 2018. The Common Ontology of Value and Risk. In TRUJILLO, J. et al. (éds.). Conceptual Modeling. ER 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer, 121-135.
SCHEUERMANN, Richard H. et al. 2009. Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis. Summit on Translational Bioinformatics, 116-120.
SCHULTZ, Stefan et al. 2009. Strength and limitations of formal ontologies in the biomedical domain. Rev Electron Comun Inf Inov Saude, 3(1), 31-45.
https://doi.org/10.3395/reciis.v3i1.241en
SHOEMAKER, Sydney. 1980. Causality and Properties. In VAN INWAGEN, Peter (éd.). Time and Cause. Dordrecht: Reidel, 109-135.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3528-5_7
SIEGELE, Deborah A. et al. 2019. Phenotype annotation with the ontology of microbial phenotype (OMP). Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 10(13), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-019-0205-5
SMITH, Barry et al. 2007. The OBO Foundry: Coordinated Evolution of Ontologies to Support Biomedical Data Integration. Nature Biotechnology, 25, 1251-1255.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1346
SMITH, Barry, CEUSTERS, Werner. 2010. Ontological Realism: A Methodology for Coordinated Evolution of Scientific Ontologies. Applied Ontology, 5(3-4), 139-188.
https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-2010-0079
STARR, Chauncey et al. 1976. Philosophical Basis for Risk Analysis. Annual Review of Energy. 1, 629-662.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003213
TANSEY, James, RAYNER, Steve. 2009. Cultural Theory and Risk. In HEATH, Robert L., O՚HAIR, H. Dan (éds.). Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication. New York: Taylor & Francis, 53-79.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003070726-4
THOMPSON, Paul B. 1986. The Philosophical Foundations of Risk. The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 24(2), 273-286.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1986.tb01566.x
UCITELI, Alexandr et al. 2016. Risk Identification Ontology (RIO): An ontology for specification and identification of perioperative risks. In LOEBE, Frank et al. (éds.). Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Ontologies and Data in Life Sciences (ODLS 2016). Halle (Saale): CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1-7.
VAN HARMELEN, Frank. 2005. Ontology Mapping: A Way Out of the Medical Tower of Babel? In MIKSCH, Silvia, HUNTER, Jim, KERAVNOU, Elpida (éds.). Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medecine (AIME 2005), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 3-6.
WOLFF, Jonathan. 2006. Risk, Fear, Blame, Shame and the Regulation of Public Safety. Economics and Philosophy, 22, 409-427.
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Tous droits réservés Olivier Grenier 2021
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Les auteurs conservent le droit d'auteur et accordent à la revue le droit de première publication, l'ouvrage étant alors disponible simultanément, sous la licence Licence d’attribution Creative Commons permettant à d'autres de partager l'ouvrage tout en en reconnaissant la paternité et la publication initiale dans cette revue.
