Obligation vaccinale, éthique de la santé publique, et Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20416/LSRSPS.V12I1.4Keywords:
Mandatory vaccination, Vaccination ethics, Public health, Autonomy, Herd immunity, Moral paternalismAbstract
Cet article présente les arguments majeurs en faveur de l’obligation vaccinale, et les questions que pose celle-ci face à la pandémie de Covid-19. L’obligation vaccinale est envisagée ici d’un du point de vue de ses bienfaits potentiels et des torts qu’elle peut prévenir en termes de santé publique. Il s’agit, plus exactement, de se demander s’il y a des raisons morales pertinentes qui seraient susceptibles de justifier cette obligation sur le plan légal. Je commence ainsi par resituer les enjeux de la vaccination du point de vue de l’éthique de la santé publique, avant de présenter les mérites et les faiblesses des principaux arguments en faveur de l’obligation vaccinale contre les maladies contagieuses graves. J’aborde enfin dans un dernier temps les questions que pose un contexte tel que celui de la pandémie de Covid face à l’obligation vaccinale.
References
Brennan, Jason (2018). A libertarian case for mandatory vaccination. Journal of Medical Ethics, 44 (1) : 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2016-103486
Childress, J.F., Faden, R.R., Gaare, R.D., Gostin, L.O., Kahn, J., Bonnie, R.J., Kass, N.E., Mastroianni, A.C., Moreno, J.D. and Nieburg, P. (2002), Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 30: 170-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00384.x
Dawson, A. (2007) Herd Protection as a Public Good: Vaccination and Our Obligations to Others. In: Dawson A, Verweij M (eds.). Ethics, Prevention, and Public Health. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007,160–78.
Dawson, A. (2011). Vaccination ethics. In A. Dawson (Ed.), Public Health Ethics: Key Concepts and Issues in Policy and Practice (pp. 143-153). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dawson et Verweij (2007). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511862670.009
Flanigan, J. A Defense of Compulsory Vaccination. HEC Forum, 26, 5–25 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-013-9221-5
Giubilini, A., (2019). The Ethics of vaccination, Springer Verlag. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-02068-2
Glatter K.A., Finkelman P. (2021). History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19. The American Journal of Medicine, 134 (2) : 176-181. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2020.08.019
Goldenberg Maya J. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy: Public Trust, Expertise and the War on Science. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Guimier, L. (2021). Les résistances françaises aux vaccinations : continuité et ruptures à la lumière de la pandémie de Covid-19. Hérodote, 183, 227-250. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.183.0227
Isaacs, T. (2014), Collective Responsibility and Collective Obligation. Midwest Studies In Philosophy, 38 : 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/misp.12015
Jefferson T, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Al-Ansary LA, van Driel ML, Bawazeer GA, Jones MA, Hoffmann TC, Clark J, Beller EM, Glasziou PP, Conly JM (2023). Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6
Lafaurie M., Baricault B., Lapeyre-Mestre M., Sailler L., Sommet A., Moulis G. (2017). Risque de purpura thrombopénique immunologique post-vaccinal chez l’enfant. Case cross-over et self-controlled case series. Étude populationnelle en France. La Revue de Médecine Interne, Volume 38, Supplement 2, p. A56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.330
Lemaire, S. (2017). Un argument paternaliste et trois arguments anti-paternalistes. Raison publique, 22, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.3917/rpub1.022.0165
Patone, M., Mei, X. W., Handunnetthi, L., Dixon, S., Zaccardi, F., Shankar-Hari, M., Watkinson, P., Khunti, K., Harnden, A., Coupland, C. A. C., Channon, K. M., Mills, N. L., Sheikh, A., & Hippisley-Cox, J. (2022). Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature medicine, 28(2), 410–422. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0
Paul Y. (2004). Herd immunity and herd protection. Vaccine, 22(3-4), 301–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.07.016
Françoise Salvadori et Laurent-Henri Vignaud (2019). Antivax. La résistance aux vaccins du xviiie siècle à nos jours. Paris, Vendémiaire.
Selgelid Michael J. (2009), A Moderate Pluralist Approach to Public Health Policy and Ethics. Public Health Ethics, 2 (2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/php018
Spreeuwenberg, P., Kroneman, M., & Paget, J. (2018). Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. American journal of epidemiology, 187 (12), 2561–2567. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy191
Tan, S. T., Kwan, A. T., Rodríguez-Barraquer, I., Singer, B. J., Park, H. J., Lewnard, J. A., Sears, D., & Lo, N. C. (2023). Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave. Nature medicine, 29, 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02138-x
Ward, J. K., Gauna, F., Gagneux-Brunon, A., Botelho-Nevers, E., Cracowski, J. L., Khouri, C., Launay, O., Verger, P., & Peretti-Watel, P. (2022). The French health pass holds lessons for mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. Nature medicine, 28(2), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01661-7
Wellcome, « How does the world feel about science and health ? », Wellcome Global Monitor, 2018. https://wellcome.org/reports/wellcome-global-monitor/2018
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Lepine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
