Neither from words, nor from visions: understanding p-medicine from innovative treatments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20416/lsrsps.v4i2.793Keywords:
personalized medicine, precision medicineAbstract
Despite its vagueness Personalized, Precision, P4, P5, individualized, stratified medicine—or p-medicine in short—has become an increasingly popular term in biomedical literature. Philosophers have attempted to analyze what these various terms involve and have discussed consequences for medical practices. In this article, I argue that an important question remains unaddressed: what has made this project of p-medicine convincing to so many? My argument is that without real achievements, it would never have been. I also make the case that these achievements stem from the domain of monoclonal antibodies (mab), a new type of drug that justifies talks of personalized, precise, stratified, etc., medicine. In conclusion, while it may be possible to label any projection in the future of medicine as ‘p-medicine’, it is impossible to overlook mab-medicine as the spearhead.
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KATSANIS, Sara Huston, KATSANIS, Nicholas. 2013. « Molecular Genetic Testing and the Future of Clinical Genomics ». Nature Reviews Genetics, 14 (6), 415‑26.
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LI, Aihua, MEYRE, David. 2014. « Jumping on the Train of Personalized Medicine: A Primer for Non- Geneticist Clinicians: Part 3. Clinical Applications in the Personalized Medicine Area ». Current Psychiatry Reviews, 10 (2), 118‑32.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400510666140630170549
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https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2012.157
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SCHLEIDGEN, Sebastian, KLINGLER, Corinna, BERTRAM, Teresa, ROGOWSKI, Wolf H., MARCKMANN, Georg. 2013. « What is personalized medicine: sharpening a vague term based on a systematic literature review ». BMC Medical Ethics, 14, 55.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-14-55
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STEVENS, Hallam. 2013. Life Out of Sequence: A Data-driven History of Bioinformatics. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226080345.001.0001
STRIMBU, Kyle, TAVEL, Jorge A. 2010. « What are Biomarkers? » Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 5 (6), 463‑66.
https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed177
TANNOCK, Ian F., HICKMAN, John A. 2016. « Limits to Personalized Cancer Medicine ». New England Journal of Medicine, 375 (13), 1289‑94.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb1607705
TRUSHEIM, Mark R., BERNDT, Ernst R., DOUGLAS, Frank L. 2007. « Stratified Medicine: Strategic and Economic Implications of Combining Drugs and Clinical Biomarkers ». Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 6 (4), 287‑93.
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https://doi.org/10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182088158
https://doi.org/10.2165/00129785-200505060-00002
ADZHUBEI, Ivan A., SCHMIDT, Steffen, PESHKIN, Leonid, RAMENSKY, Vasily E., GERASIMOVA, Anna, BORK, Peer, KONDRASHOV, Alexey S., SUNYAEV, Shamil R.. 2010. « A Method and Server for Predicting Damaging Missense Mutations ». Nature Methods, 7 (4), 248‑49.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth0410-248
BARABÁSI, Albert-László, GULBAHCE, Natali, LOSCALZO, Joseph. 2011. « Network medicine: a network-based approach to human disease ». Nature reviews. Genetics, 12 (1), 56‑68.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2918
BARH Margaret, BLUM Debmalya and MADIGAN Kenneth. 2011. OMICS: Biomedical Perspectives and Applications. Boca Raton, London, New York : CRC Press.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b11482
Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. 2001. « Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints: Preferred Definitions and Conceptual Framework ». Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 69 (3), 89‑95.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mcp.2001.113989
BOENINK, Marianne. 2010. « Molecular Medicine and Concepts of Disease: The Ethical Value of a Conceptual Analysis of Emerging Biomedical Technologies ». Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 13 (1), 11–23.
BONIOLO, Giovanni, NATHAN, Marco J. 2016. Philosophy of Molecular Medicine: Foundational Issues in Research and Practice. London & New York : Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315674162
BRAGAZZI, Nicola L. 2013. « Rethinking Psychiatry with OMICS Science in the Age of Personalized P5 Medicine: Ready for Psychiatome? » Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 8 (1), 4.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5341-8-4
CANUEL, Vincent, RANCE, Bastien, AVILLACH, Paul, DEGOULET, Patrice, BURGUN, Anita. 2015. « Translational Research Platforms Integrating Clinical and Omics Data: A Review of Publicly Available Solutions ». Briefings in Bioinformatics, 16 (2), 280‑90.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbu006
CHADAREVIAN, Soraya de, KAMMINGA, Harmke. 2003. Molecularizing Biology and Medicine: New Practices and Alliances, 1920s to 1970s. 1re éd. London & New York : Taylor & Francis.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203304235
CHAN, Isaac S., GINSBURG, Geoffrey S. 2011. « Personalized Medicine: Progress and Promise ». Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 12, 217‑44.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-082410-101446
DE GRANDIS, Giovanni, HALGUNSET, Vidar. 2016. « Conceptual and terminological confusion around personalised medicine: a coping strategy ». BMC Medical Ethics, 17, 43.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-016-0122-4
DERFUSS, Tobias. 2012. « Personalized Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis: Hope or Reality? » BMC Medicine, 10, 116.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-116
FAN, Jianqing, HAN, Fang, HAN, Liu. 2014. « Challenges of Big Data analysis ». National Science Review, 1 (2), 293‑314.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwt032
FISCHER, Tobias, LANGANKE, Martin, MARSCHALL, Paul, MICHL, Susanne. 2015. Individualized Medicine: Ethical, Economical and Historical Perspectives. Dordrecht : Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11719-5
FLECK, Leonard M. 2010. « Personalized Medicine’s Ragged Edge ». Hastings Center Report, 40 (5), 16–18.
https://doi.org/10.1353/hcr.2010.0005
Food and Drug Administration. 2014. Paving the Way for Personalized Medicine: FDA’s Role in a New Era of Medical Product Development. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
GAMULIN, Stjepan. 2016. « The Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine ». Acta Medica Academica, 45 (2), 152‑57.
GREEN, Sara, and VOGT, Henrik. 2016. « Personalizing Medicine: Disease Prevention in silico and in socio ». Humana.Mente Journal of Philosophical Studies, 30, 105-35.
GUCHET, Xavier. 2016. La Médecine personnalisée: Un essai philosophique. 1re éd. Paris : Les Belles Lettres.
HEDGECOE, Adam. 2004. The Politics of Personalised Medicine: Pharmacogenetics in the Clinic. New York : Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489136
HOOD, Leroy. 2013. « Systems Biology and p4 Medicine: Past, Present, and Future ». Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 4 (2), e0012.
https://doi.org/10.5041/rmmj.10112
HOOD, Leroy, and FLORES, Mauricio. 2012. « A Personal View on Systems Medicine and the Emergence of Proactive P4 Medicine: Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory ». New Biotechnology, 29 (6), 613‑24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.03.004
HOOD, Leroy, and FRIEND, Stephen H. 2011. « Predictive, Personalized, Preventive, Participatory (P4) Cancer Medicine ». Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 8 (3), 184‑87.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.227
IDEKER, Trey, GALITSKI, Timothy, HOOD Leroy. 2001. « A New Approach to Decoding Life: Systems Biology ». Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 2, 343‑72.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.2.1.343
INSEL, Thomas R. 2014. « The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project: Precision Medicine for Psychiatry ». The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171 (4), 395‑97.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14020138
JUENGST, Eric, MCGOWAN, Michelle L., FISHMAN, Jennifer R., SETTERSTEN, Richard A. 2016. « From “Personalized” to “Precision” Medicine: The Ethical and Social Implications of Rhetorical Reform in Genomic Medicine ». Hastings Center Report, 46 (5), 21‑33.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.614
KAHN, Scott D. 2011. « On the Future of Genomic Data ». Science, 331 (6018), 728‑29.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197891
KATSANIS, Sara Huston, KATSANIS, Nicholas. 2013. « Molecular Genetic Testing and the Future of Clinical Genomics ». Nature Reviews Genetics, 14 (6), 415‑26.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3493
KEATING, Peter, CAMBROSIO, Alberto. 2011. Cancer on Trial: Oncology as a New Style of Practice. Reprint edition. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226428932.001.0001
KHOURY, Muin J., GWINN, Marta L., GLASGOW, Russell E., KRAMER, Barnett S. 2012. « A Population Approach to Precision Medicine ». American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42 (6), 639‑45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.012
LANGRETH, Robert, WALDHOLZ, Michael. 1999. « New Era of Personalized Medicine: Targeting Drugs for Each Unique Genetic Profile ». The Oncologist, 4 (5), 426‑27.
LI, Aihua, MEYRE, David. 2014. « Jumping on the Train of Personalized Medicine: A Primer for Non- Geneticist Clinicians: Part 3. Clinical Applications in the Personalized Medicine Area ». Current Psychiatry Reviews, 10 (2), 118‑32.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400510666140630170549
LEMOINE, Maël. 2017. « Animal extrapolation in preclinical studies: An analysis of the tragic case of TGN1412 ». Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 61, 35-45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.12.004
MANOLIO, Teri A., CHISHOLM, Rex L., OZENBERGER, Brad, RODEN, Dan M., WILLIAMS, Marc S., WILSON, Richard, BICK, David et al. 2013. « Implementing Genomic Medicine in the Clinic: The Future Is Here ». Genetics in Medicine, 15 (4), 258‑67.
https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2012.157
MCCARTHY, Jeanette J., MCLEOD, Howard L., GINSBURG, Geoffrey S. 2013. « Genomic Medicine: A Decade of Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities ». Science Translational Medicine, 5 (189), 189sr4-189sr4.
https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3005785
MNOOKIN, Seth. 2014. « Fighting a One-of-a-Kind Disease ». The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/07/21/one-of-a-kind-2
National Research Council (US) Committee on A Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease. 2011. Toward Precision Medicine: Building a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research and a New Taxonomy of Disease. The National Academies Collection: Reports Funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington (DC) : National Academies Press (US).
https://doi.org/10.17226/13284
POKORSKA-BOCCI, Anna, STEWART, Alison, SAGOO, Gurdeep S., HALL, Alison, KROESE, Mark, BURTON, Hilary. 2014. « “Personalized medicine”: what’s in a name? » Personalized Medicine, 11 (2), 197‑210.
https://doi.org/10.2217/pme.13.107
PRAVETTONI, Gabriella, GORINI, Alessandra. 2011. « A P5 Cancer Medicine Approach: Why Personalized Medicine Cannot Ignore Psychology ». Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17 (4), 594‑96.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01709.x
QU, Xiaoyan A., RAJPAL, Deepak K. 2012. « Applications of Connectivity Map in Drug Discovery and Development ». Drug Discovery Today, 17 (23‑24), 1289‑98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2012.07.017
SCHLEIDGEN, Sebastian, KLINGLER, Corinna, BERTRAM, Teresa, ROGOWSKI, Wolf H., MARCKMANN, Georg. 2013. « What is personalized medicine: sharpening a vague term based on a systematic literature review ». BMC Medical Ethics, 14, 55.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-14-55
SOON, Wendy Weijia, HARIHARAN, Manoj, SNYDER, Michael P. 2013. « High‐throughput Sequencing for Biology and Medicine ». Molecular Systems Biology, 9 (1), 640.
https://doi.org/10.1038/msb.2012.61
STEVENS, Hallam. 2013. Life Out of Sequence: A Data-driven History of Bioinformatics. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226080345.001.0001
STRIMBU, Kyle, TAVEL, Jorge A. 2010. « What are Biomarkers? » Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 5 (6), 463‑66.
https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed177
TANNOCK, Ian F., HICKMAN, John A. 2016. « Limits to Personalized Cancer Medicine ». New England Journal of Medicine, 375 (13), 1289‑94.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb1607705
TRUSHEIM, Mark R., BERNDT, Ernst R., DOUGLAS, Frank L. 2007. « Stratified Medicine: Strategic and Economic Implications of Combining Drugs and Clinical Biomarkers ». Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 6 (4), 287‑93.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2251
TUTTON, Richard. 2012. « Personalizing Medicine: Futures Present and Past ». Social Science & Medicine (1982), 75 (10), 1721‑28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.031
WORTHEY, Elizabeth A., MAYER, Alan N., SYVERSON, Grant D., HELBLING, Daniel, BONACCI, Benedetta B., DECKER, Brennan, SERPE, Jaime M. et al. 2011. « Making a Definitive Diagnosis: Successful Clinical Application of Whole Exome Sequencing in a Child with Intractable Inflammatory Bowel Disease ». Genetics in Medicine: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 13 (3), 255‑62.
https://doi.org/10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182088158
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2018-03-27
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Lemoine, Maël. 2018. “Neither from Words, nor from Visions: Understanding P-Medicine from Innovative Treatments”. Lato Sensu: Revue De La Société De Philosophie Des Sciences 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.20416/lsrsps.v4i2.793.
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Contemporary issues in personalized medicine
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