Génétique des populations et mécanique statistique : stratégie explicative et analogie formelle
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.20416/lsrsps.v1i1.13Résumé
La relation entre mécanique statistique et génétique des populations a une longue histoire. À l’instar de la première, la seconde tire profit des statistiques afin de traiter le comportement des grands ensembles d’entités. L’objectif principal du présent article est d’identifier les obstacles que rencontre la génétique des populations dans sa prétention d’explication des phénomènes biologiques à partir de l’appareillage conceptuel de la mécanique statistique selon deux articles récents (Sella & Hirsh 2005 ; Barton & Coe 2009). Or, plusieurs outils dont dispose cette dernière (thermodynamique phénoménologique, notion d’équilibre thermique, conservation de l’énergie) manque à la première. Ainsi, en l’absence d’une justification adéquate de la pertinence de l’analogie et sans la satisfaction de certaines hypothèses fondamentales, je soutiens que la stratégie explicative du modèle analogue est sérieusement compromise.
Références
Albert, D. Z. 2000. Time and chance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Barberousse, A. 2002. La mécanique statistique. De Clausius à Gibbs. Paris: Belin.
Barton, N. H., & Coe, J. B. 2009. On the application of statisticalphysics to evolutionarybiology. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 259, 317-324. (Avec le Supplement Information.)
Bouchard, F. (2011). Darwinismwithout populations: a more inclusive understanding of the ‘‘Survival of the Fittest’’. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 42, 106-114.
Bunge, M. 1967. Analogy in quantum theory : from insight to nonsense. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 18, 265-286.
Burian, R. M. 2005. The Epistemology of Development, Evolution, and Genetics. SelectedEssays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Callender, C. 1999. Reducing Thermodynamics to StatisticalMechanics: The Case of Entropy. The Journal of Philosophy, 96, 348-373
Capek, V. & Sheehan, D. P. 2005. Challenges to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Theory and Experiment. Dordrecht: Springer.
Darwin, C. 1859, 1993. The Origin of Species. New York: Modern Library.
Davey, K. 2008. The Justification of ProbabilityMeasures in StatisticalMechanics. Philosophy of Science, 75, 28-44.
Demetrius, L., Legendre, S. p., & Harremöes, P. 2009. EvolutionaryEntropy: A Predictor of Body Size, Metabolic Rate and Maximal Life Span. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. ????
Depew, D. J. 1986. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Evolution: a Philosophical Perspective. Philosophica, 37, 27-58.
Desjardins, E. 2011. Reflections on Path Dependence and Irreversibility: LessonsfromEvolutionaryBiology. Philosophy of Science, 78, 724-738.
Dobzhansky, T. 1973. Nothing in BiologyMakesSenseExcept in the Light of Evolution. The American BiologyTeacher, 35, 125-129.
Drossel, B. 2001. Biological evolution and statistical physics. Advances in Physics, 50, 209-295.
Edwards, A. W. F. 2000) The GeneticalTheory of Natural Selection». Genetics, 154, 1419-1426.
Eigen, M. 1971. Selforganization of Matter and the Evolution of BiologicalMacromolecules. Die Naturwissenschaften, 58, 465-523.
Ereshefsky, M. 2012. Homology Thinking. Biology and Philosophy, 27, 381-400.
Falk, R. 2009. GeneticAnalysis: A History of GeneticThinking. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Fisher, R. A. 1922, 1990. Averageexcess and averageeffect of a gene substitution. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 52, 297-318.
Fisher, R. A. 1930. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Fisher, R. A. 1941. Averageexcess and average effect of a gene substitution. Annals of Eugenics, 11, 53-63.
Frank, S. A., & Slatkin, M. 1992. Fisher’sFundamentalTheorem of Natural Selection. TREE, 7, 92-95.
Frigg, R. 2008. A Field Guide to Recent Work on the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics». arXiv:0804.0399v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. Cet article a été publié
Frigg, R., &Werndl, C. 2011. Entropy - A Guide for the Perplexed. In C. Beisbart & S. Hartmann (dir.), Probability in Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Griffiths, A. J. F., Miller, J. H., Susuki, D. T., Lewontin, R. C., & Gelbart, W. M. 1976, 1996. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 6th edition. New York: Freeman.
Hamilton, M. B. 2009. Population Genetics. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hempel, C. 1965. Philosophy of natural science. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Huneman, P. 2010. Assessing the Prospects for a Return of Organisms in EvolutionaryBiology. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 32, 341-372.
Jodoin, Laurent 2010. Causalité et mécanique quantique. Saarbrücken : Éditions universitaires européennes.
Jodoin, Laurent. 2011. L’infini dans la théorie ergodique. Ithaque, 7(printemps 2011), pages?
Le Bellac, M., Mortessagne, F. & Batrouni, G. G. 2004. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Machamer, Peter, Lindley Darden & Carl F. Craver. 2000. Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67, 1-25.
Mainzer, K. 2005. Symmetry and Complexity - The Spirit and Beauty of Nonlinear Science. Singapore: World ScientificPublishin.
Mayr, E. 2004, 2006. Après Darwin : La biologie, une science pas comme les autres. Paris: Dunod.
Morrison, M. 1997. PhysicalModels and BiologicalContexts. Philosophy of Science, 64, S315-324.
Morrison, M. 2004. Population Genetics and Population Thinking: Mathematics and the Role of the Individual. Philosophy of Science, 71, 1189-1200.
Morrison, M. 2006. Unification, Explanation and ExplainingUnity: The Fisher–Wright Controversy. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 57, 233-245.
Morrison, M. 2007. The Development of Population Genetics. In M. Matthen & C. Stephens (dir.), Philosophy of Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Okasha, S. 2008. Fisher’sFundamentalTheorem of Natural Selection — A Philosophical Analysis. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 59, 319-351.
Penrose, O. 1970. Foundations of statistical mechanics. A deductive treatment. Oxford: PergamonPress.
Prigogine, I. 1968, 1996. Introduction à la thermodynamique des processus irréversibles. Paris: Éditions Jacques Gabay.
Provine., W. B. 1971, 2001. The origins of theoretical population genetics : with a new afterword. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rosenberg, A. 2001. How is Biological Explanation Possible? The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 52, 735-760.
Ruvinsky, A. 2010. Genetics and randomness. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group.
Salmon, W. C. 1984. Scientific explanation: three basic conceptions. Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, 2, 293-305.
Schrödinger, E. 1944, 2010. Whatis Life? with Mind and Matter and Autobiographical Sketches. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Schwartz, J. (2008). In pursuit of the gene: from Darwin to DNA. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress.
Sarkar, S. 2007. Haldane and the Emergence of Modern EvolutionaryTheory. In M. Matthen & C. Stephens (dir.), Philosophy of Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Sella, G., & Hirsh, A. E. 2005. The application of statisticalphysics to evolutionarybiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 102, 9541-9546.
Skipper, R. 2007. Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher. In M. Matthen & C. Stephens (dir.), Philosophy of Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Sklar, L. 1973. Statistical Explanation and Ergodic Theory. Philosophy of Science, 40, 194-212.
Sklar, L. 1993. Physics and Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Sober, E. 1983. Equilibrium explanation. Philosophical Studies, 43, 201-210.
Sober, E. 1984, 1985. The Nature of Selection. Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Sober, E. 1993. Philosophy of Biology. Boulder: WestviewPress.
Sturtevant, A. H. 1965, 2001. A History of Genetics. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Templeton, A. R. 2006. Population genetics and microevolutionary theory. New Jersey: John Wiley& Sons.
Tolman, R. C. 1938, 1950. The Principles of Statistical Mechanics. London: Oxford UniversityPress.
Uffink, J. 2001. Bluff YourWay in the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physic, 32, 305-394.
Uffink, J. 2007. Compendium of the foundations of classical statistical physics. In J. Butterfield & J. Earman (dir.), Philosophy of Physics. Part B. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Vladar, H. & Barton, N. H. 2011. The contribution of statisticalphysics to evolutionarybiology. arXiv:1104.2854v1, [q-bio.PE].
Woodward, J. 2003a. Scientific explanation. In S. University (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Internet. Référence?
Woodward, J. 2003b. Making things happen. A theory of causal explanation. New York: Oxford UniversityPress.
Barberousse, A. 2002. La mécanique statistique. De Clausius à Gibbs. Paris: Belin.
Barton, N. H., & Coe, J. B. 2009. On the application of statisticalphysics to evolutionarybiology. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 259, 317-324. (Avec le Supplement Information.)
Bouchard, F. (2011). Darwinismwithout populations: a more inclusive understanding of the ‘‘Survival of the Fittest’’. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 42, 106-114.
Bunge, M. 1967. Analogy in quantum theory : from insight to nonsense. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 18, 265-286.
Burian, R. M. 2005. The Epistemology of Development, Evolution, and Genetics. SelectedEssays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Callender, C. 1999. Reducing Thermodynamics to StatisticalMechanics: The Case of Entropy. The Journal of Philosophy, 96, 348-373
Capek, V. & Sheehan, D. P. 2005. Challenges to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Theory and Experiment. Dordrecht: Springer.
Darwin, C. 1859, 1993. The Origin of Species. New York: Modern Library.
Davey, K. 2008. The Justification of ProbabilityMeasures in StatisticalMechanics. Philosophy of Science, 75, 28-44.
Demetrius, L., Legendre, S. p., & Harremöes, P. 2009. EvolutionaryEntropy: A Predictor of Body Size, Metabolic Rate and Maximal Life Span. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. ????
Depew, D. J. 1986. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Evolution: a Philosophical Perspective. Philosophica, 37, 27-58.
Desjardins, E. 2011. Reflections on Path Dependence and Irreversibility: LessonsfromEvolutionaryBiology. Philosophy of Science, 78, 724-738.
Dobzhansky, T. 1973. Nothing in BiologyMakesSenseExcept in the Light of Evolution. The American BiologyTeacher, 35, 125-129.
Drossel, B. 2001. Biological evolution and statistical physics. Advances in Physics, 50, 209-295.
Edwards, A. W. F. 2000) The GeneticalTheory of Natural Selection». Genetics, 154, 1419-1426.
Eigen, M. 1971. Selforganization of Matter and the Evolution of BiologicalMacromolecules. Die Naturwissenschaften, 58, 465-523.
Ereshefsky, M. 2012. Homology Thinking. Biology and Philosophy, 27, 381-400.
Falk, R. 2009. GeneticAnalysis: A History of GeneticThinking. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Fisher, R. A. 1922, 1990. Averageexcess and averageeffect of a gene substitution. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 52, 297-318.
Fisher, R. A. 1930. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Fisher, R. A. 1941. Averageexcess and average effect of a gene substitution. Annals of Eugenics, 11, 53-63.
Frank, S. A., & Slatkin, M. 1992. Fisher’sFundamentalTheorem of Natural Selection. TREE, 7, 92-95.
Frigg, R. 2008. A Field Guide to Recent Work on the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics». arXiv:0804.0399v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. Cet article a été publié
Frigg, R., &Werndl, C. 2011. Entropy - A Guide for the Perplexed. In C. Beisbart & S. Hartmann (dir.), Probability in Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Griffiths, A. J. F., Miller, J. H., Susuki, D. T., Lewontin, R. C., & Gelbart, W. M. 1976, 1996. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 6th edition. New York: Freeman.
Hamilton, M. B. 2009. Population Genetics. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hempel, C. 1965. Philosophy of natural science. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Huneman, P. 2010. Assessing the Prospects for a Return of Organisms in EvolutionaryBiology. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 32, 341-372.
Jodoin, Laurent 2010. Causalité et mécanique quantique. Saarbrücken : Éditions universitaires européennes.
Jodoin, Laurent. 2011. L’infini dans la théorie ergodique. Ithaque, 7(printemps 2011), pages?
Le Bellac, M., Mortessagne, F. & Batrouni, G. G. 2004. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Machamer, Peter, Lindley Darden & Carl F. Craver. 2000. Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67, 1-25.
Mainzer, K. 2005. Symmetry and Complexity - The Spirit and Beauty of Nonlinear Science. Singapore: World ScientificPublishin.
Mayr, E. 2004, 2006. Après Darwin : La biologie, une science pas comme les autres. Paris: Dunod.
Morrison, M. 1997. PhysicalModels and BiologicalContexts. Philosophy of Science, 64, S315-324.
Morrison, M. 2004. Population Genetics and Population Thinking: Mathematics and the Role of the Individual. Philosophy of Science, 71, 1189-1200.
Morrison, M. 2006. Unification, Explanation and ExplainingUnity: The Fisher–Wright Controversy. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 57, 233-245.
Morrison, M. 2007. The Development of Population Genetics. In M. Matthen & C. Stephens (dir.), Philosophy of Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Okasha, S. 2008. Fisher’sFundamentalTheorem of Natural Selection — A Philosophical Analysis. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 59, 319-351.
Penrose, O. 1970. Foundations of statistical mechanics. A deductive treatment. Oxford: PergamonPress.
Prigogine, I. 1968, 1996. Introduction à la thermodynamique des processus irréversibles. Paris: Éditions Jacques Gabay.
Provine., W. B. 1971, 2001. The origins of theoretical population genetics : with a new afterword. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rosenberg, A. 2001. How is Biological Explanation Possible? The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 52, 735-760.
Ruvinsky, A. 2010. Genetics and randomness. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group.
Salmon, W. C. 1984. Scientific explanation: three basic conceptions. Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, 2, 293-305.
Schrödinger, E. 1944, 2010. Whatis Life? with Mind and Matter and Autobiographical Sketches. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Schwartz, J. (2008). In pursuit of the gene: from Darwin to DNA. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress.
Sarkar, S. 2007. Haldane and the Emergence of Modern EvolutionaryTheory. In M. Matthen & C. Stephens (dir.), Philosophy of Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Sella, G., & Hirsh, A. E. 2005. The application of statisticalphysics to evolutionarybiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 102, 9541-9546.
Skipper, R. 2007. Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher. In M. Matthen & C. Stephens (dir.), Philosophy of Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Sklar, L. 1973. Statistical Explanation and Ergodic Theory. Philosophy of Science, 40, 194-212.
Sklar, L. 1993. Physics and Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
Sober, E. 1983. Equilibrium explanation. Philosophical Studies, 43, 201-210.
Sober, E. 1984, 1985. The Nature of Selection. Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Sober, E. 1993. Philosophy of Biology. Boulder: WestviewPress.
Sturtevant, A. H. 1965, 2001. A History of Genetics. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Templeton, A. R. 2006. Population genetics and microevolutionary theory. New Jersey: John Wiley& Sons.
Tolman, R. C. 1938, 1950. The Principles of Statistical Mechanics. London: Oxford UniversityPress.
Uffink, J. 2001. Bluff YourWay in the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physic, 32, 305-394.
Uffink, J. 2007. Compendium of the foundations of classical statistical physics. In J. Butterfield & J. Earman (dir.), Philosophy of Physics. Part B. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Vladar, H. & Barton, N. H. 2011. The contribution of statisticalphysics to evolutionarybiology. arXiv:1104.2854v1, [q-bio.PE].
Woodward, J. 2003a. Scientific explanation. In S. University (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Internet. Référence?
Woodward, J. 2003b. Making things happen. A theory of causal explanation. New York: Oxford UniversityPress.
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2014-07-01
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Jodoin, Laurent. 2014. « Génétique Des Populations Et mécanique Statistique : Stratégie Explicative Et Analogie Formelle ». Lato Sensu: Revue De La Société De Philosophie Des Sciences 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.20416/lsrsps.v1i1.13.
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